German Chancellor Merz Discusses “Shared Nuclear Umbrella” with European Allies

On January 29, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced that Germany is conducting preliminary discussions with European allies to explore the possibility of establishing a “shared European nuclear umbrella” in response to the changing global security landscape and nuclear threats.

In his policy report, Merz used unusually strong language to describe Europe facing a “harsh cold wind” in a new world order of intensified great power competition. He stressed that Europe can no longer rely solely on the U.S. nuclear deterrent and must take active control of its own security. He reaffirmed that Germany will continue to comply with the Two Plus Four Treaty and the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and will not possess nuclear weapons. The proposal is not intended to replace NATO but to complement the U.S. nuclear-sharing arrangements, focusing initial discussions on integrating French and British resources.

The proposal has sparked intense debate in Germany. Supporters argue it is a necessary step toward “European strategic autonomy,” while opponents worry it could trigger an arms race and question whether France would be willing to share nuclear command authority. Thomas Roewekamp, chair of the Bundestag Defense Committee, added that while Germany lacks warheads, its technological capabilities in delivery systems and military cooperation make it a key player in a European nuclear program.