A second group of Australian women and children with links to the Islamic State (IS) extremist group has recently left the al-Roj refugee camp in northeastern Syria. They are reportedly being escorted by Syrian government-arranged convoys to Damascus, with plans to travel onwards to Australia. However, no specific travel timeline or arrival date has been confirmed.
The group is believed to be part of families of IS members who have been stranded in the camp for years. According to reports, they departed by bus under the escort of Syrian officials. Around seven women and 14 children were previously believed to still be in the camp. The latest departure may include all remaining Australian nationals, although camp authorities have declined to confirm details.
Earlier this month, another group of four women and nine children returned to Australia. After arriving in Melbourne and Sydney, three of the women were arrested and charged by the Australian Federal Police on serious offences including slavery and participation in a terrorist organisation, and remain in custody.
The Australian government says it did not actively facilitate their return, but is legally obliged to issue travel documents due to their citizenship, meaning it cannot block their entry. Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has condemned their travel to Syria during the period when IS was attempting to establish its so-called “caliphate”, although some individuals claim they were deceived or coerced into going.
The opposition has criticised the government, arguing that current measures are insufficient to prevent their return. While authorities maintain they have no legal power to stop Australian citizens from entering the country, critics question this position, arguing that if sufficient evidence exists to arrest them upon arrival, similar grounds could be used earlier to impose travel bans or revoke passports.
Commentary:
In general, Australian law guarantees citizens the fundamental right to return to their country, meaning the government cannot unilaterally deny entry to Australian passport holders. However, under the Australian Citizenship Act, if an individual holds dual nationality and is proven to have engaged in terrorism-related activities or poses a serious national security threat, authorities may initiate citizenship cancellation procedures. Once citizenship is revoked, the right of return no longer applies.
Policy responses therefore should not be limited to passive “non-assistance” and post-arrival enforcement. A more proactive approach to risk management is needed, including the earlier use of legal tools where appropriate. At the same time, ongoing monitoring and support for returning women and accompanying children is essential to ensure they do not develop into future security risks in the community.