With only a few months remaining before the November Victorian state election, the Victorian Electoral Commission is currently reviewing registration applications from around 12 new political parties. However, several newly established parties have been accused of not genuinely contesting the election, but instead using the Group Voting Tickets (GVT)system, which remains in place for Victoria’s upper house, to influence election outcomes through preference vote allocations.
Under the current system, voters only need to select their preferred party at the top of the ballot paper, after which the order of all preference votes is predetermined by that party. Critics argue that the system encourages parties to privately exchange preference votes and even use attractive or easily confused party names to mislead voters, meaning the final result may not accurately reflect voters’ actual intentions.
Some new parties have openly admitted that they hope to attract voter support through their party names before transferring their preference votes to other parties. For example, Climate Action Now, established by Monica Smit, the founder of anti-vaccine organisation Reignite Democracy Australia, said it would direct its preferences to parties including One Nation and Family First. Another new party, named “I’m Voting To Avoid The Fine”, has made similar arrangements.
In addition, several parties have applied to change their names on the ballot, including changing “Freedom Party” to “Safety Victoria – Violent Crime Prevention”, and renaming the party previously known as the “Companion and Pets Party” last year as the “Christian Alliance Party”. These changes have raised concerns over potential voter confusion.
Victoria has previously seen parties with low primary vote shares elected through preference flows. In 2018, Transport Matters candidate Rod Barton received only 0.6% of first-preference votes but was still elected as a member of the upper house with support from preference votes distributed by several minor parties.
At present, the federal government and other states have abolished the Group Voting Ticket system, leaving Victoria as the only Australian jurisdiction that still retains it. The Victorian Government said it is reviewing reform recommendations from the Parliamentary Electoral Matters Committee and will provide a formal response later.
Commentary
The core of a democratic system is not only allowing voters to cast ballots, but also ensuring that election results genuinely reflect voters’ intentions. However, when political parties can attract votes through preference deals or by creating similar and appealing names, elections may shift from competition over policies to manipulation of electoral mechanisms. This not only weakens public trust in politics but also places parties that genuinely participate in public debate at an unfair disadvantage.
Of course, the participation of minor parties in politics is not itself a problem. Diverse voices are an important part of democracy, and minority groups should have opportunities to gain representation in parliament. However, democratic diversity must be built on a transparent and fair system, rather than exploiting electoral loopholes for political gain.