Australia will hold its 2026 Census on 11 August. According to the ABC, several Hong Kong community representatives have called on the government to include “Hongkonger” as a separate ancestry option, rather than categorising it under “Chinese”.
The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) said ancestry classifications are currently based on the Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG). As “Hongkonger” is not an independent category, responses are coded as “Chinese”. However, people can still reflect their background through questions on place of birth, parents’ place of birth, and languages spoken at home.
Some Hong Kong community representatives argue that Hong Kong has a distinct history, culture and language, and that Hong Kong identity should not simply be classified as Chinese. They say many Hong Kong migrants in Australia want their cultural identity to be recognised in official data. Some also point to Hong Kong’s more than 150 years under British administration, which shaped different education, legal and social systems from mainland China, as well as the increased desire among some Hong Kong people to preserve their identity following the 2019 anti-government protests.
The ABS said ethnicity classifications are not fixed and have been updated over time, with new categories added since the previous census, including “Israeli” and “Edo”. This year, respondents can also list up to four ancestries, increased from two previously.
For birthplace information, China is not included as a default checkbox option. The ABS said this is intended to encourage respondents to provide more specific answers, such as China, Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan, to improve data accuracy.
Commentary:
From the ABS’s perspective, categorising Hong Kong under “Chinese” is based on the current classification system, and Hong Kong is legally part of China. Therefore, the approach has an administrative basis.
However, one of the purposes of a census is to accurately reflect Australia’s diverse population. If some Hong Kong residents believe their identity is shaped by distinct historical, linguistic and cultural experiences, their calls for separate recognition also raise questions about whether current classifications fully capture Australia’s multicultural society.
After all, census categories are not just technical labels — they can influence whether communities are recognised and whether government policies and services are able to respond to different groups’ needs.