Scanlon Cohesion Study

The Scanlon Cohesion Study 2023, just released on Wednesday, is the 17th study since 2007 on changes in social cohesion in Australia. Peter Scanlon, who immigrated to Melbourne from Europe as a child in the 1950s, started out selling newspapers in the marketplace and today is a successful entrepreneur and a former President of the Migration Council of Australia, where he is passionately involved in promoting support for migrants. He is also committed to promoting Australia as a multicultural society in public policy.

In 2007, he established the Scanlon Foundation, which focuses on building social cohesion in Australia, and provides a range of activities including social research studies on acceptance and recognition of migrants, and the integration of new migrants into the community. This year’s study, led by James O’Donnell, a professor at the Australian National University, collected more than 7,500 respondents, of which 251 questionnaires were conducted in non-English, and conducted in-depth interviews with 55 multicultural immigrants. It is arguably the most systematic and large-scale study of multicultural societies in the world.

Bleak outlook but hopeful

The release of the report demonstrates that while Australia’s post-Covid society is facing serious challenges, the researchers’ findings show that there is still hope for the future of Australia. This year’s report shows that many Australians are under severe economic pressure, some are facing a lack of food, rising rents and property prices are making life difficult, and the gap between the rich and the poor in society is growing wider than the government’s ability to improve it, and many believe that Australia is no longer a blessed place. Many Australians have lost their sense of honor and belonging to Australia, are more concerned about inequality in society, have lost confidence in the Australian government, and are pessimistic about the future.

However, lead researcher Dr James O’Donnell is still confident about Australia’s future. This is because he found that Australians are still actively involved in their communities, working together in a variety of community organizations, connecting with and caring for each other, rather than working in isolation. More Australians believe that multiculturalism brings opportunities and dynamism to Australia (nearly 90%) and are proud of Australia’s ability to embrace multiculturalism. Australians continue to believe that democracy (over 90%) is a better system of government and are committed to supporting it. In terms of interpersonal relationships, research has shown that communities are accepting of migrants from different cultures and backgrounds, and even more so, they accept, respect and care for each other.

It can be said that in these difficult times, the Australian community still sees migrants from all over the world as an asset rather than a burden, and does not blame outsiders for their difficulties. This is a welcome message to the Chinese immigrant community.

Are we ready for multiculturalism?

Newly arrived Chinese immigrants seldom think about what a multicultural society looks like. We only think about how to adapt to the changes in our living environment. Living, shopping, doing business, working, studying, traveling, etc. are all part of our daily lives. But as time goes by, we realize that the way people live, their values, their ways of doing things, how they see other people, how they look at the world, how they vote for their own representatives, how they disagree with the social system, and how they relate to other people are no longer the same as in the society in which we grew up. How can I cope with this? Do I accept it? Or do I avoid it?

Some people choose to ignore it and form small, self-enclosed communities with their immigrant friends from the same background. However, sometimes after being in a small community for a longer period of time, they realize that they know very little about the society, and often they do not know what is going on every day, and even less about how these things affect them. It is not until one’s situation changes and one has to face it that one realizes that one’s friends do not necessarily know about it. The information we get and the way we live in a small community is not much different from what it was before we immigrated, and it is very restricted.

Yes, when you come to Australia and enter a multicultural society, you will realize that people from different regions are not the same as you, and this can be a very interesting thing. When you learn their way of life, you have more choices. The Scanlon Cohesion Study points this out. Mainstream Australians are not first-generation immigrants, but many believe that the learning that newcomers to Australia have brought with them has added color and dynamism to the community.

Since our next generation will grow up in this society and develop a life different from ours, it becomes a motivation for us first generation immigrants to enter and work hard to build a multicultural society.

Distance from the Next Generation

It is understandable that many first generation immigrants find it difficult for the next generation to share their parents’ values or to live in close proximity to them when they grow up. Many public opinion polls on social issues show that young people have different views from their elders. The reason for this is simple: the two generations grew up in different societies.

Nowadays, the younger generation grows up in a multicultural society, and they are open to different things, and they do not resist them, because many of them come from different countries or backgrounds. The older generation, living in the same immigrant community, maintains the same mindset and lifestyle as decades ago, but many of these lifestyles are outdated and cannot be found in Australia.

For this reason, many immigrants often return to their place of origin for a short period of time after retirement because they feel more comfortable. In fact, it is often because they cannot enter the world where their children grow up. As time goes by, they have less contact with their children, less conversation, and a more distant relationship. I can say that this may not be what I had in mind when I immigrated.

Therefore, for those who have just immigrated, there is still a choice. As long as we grow up with our children and actively participate in the community activities they grew up with, we may be able to shorten the distance between us and them. In states with a large number of immigrants, such as NSW and Victoria, the government values the importance of different ethnic groups in the state to maintain their cultures, and therefore often allocates funds to support different ethnic groups in the state to organize their own cultural activities. We often see the younger generation participating in Lunar New Year activities, which is a process of cultural integration. However, not many of us first generation immigrants, or mainstream Australians, participate in these multicultural events.

Government choices

The Scanlon Cohesion Study has identified multiculturalism as a source of social dynamism in Australia. It also reminds us that as immigrants, apart from retaining our own culture and circle, we can also broaden our understanding of how to live in cultures different from our own. For example, during Diwali, which is a festival for the Indian community, will we take the initiative to participate in these activities? Or will we take our children to participate in these events, or will we meet our friends to experience them together?

What the state governments do now is to provide a small amount of resources for ethnic communities to organize their own small circle of activities. There aren’t many large-scale multicultural events for immigrants of different ethnicities or for mainstream Australians. The findings of the Scanlon Cohesion Study present a great challenge to all levels of government.

How can more resources be made available to multicultural communities for ethnic integration? Or how can more resources be spent to bring multicultural activities into the mainstream and make them accessible to all? If the government fails to do so, the Australian society may be divided into different smaller communities.

When Israel was attacked by the Hamas terrorists, many Australians initially supported Israel unanimously. However, after the Israeli government’s indiscriminate attack on the Gaza Strip, the Australian community has shifted to one that cares more about the survival of the Palestinians. The Australian government is now clearly biased in favor of Israel, and is confronting Australians with questions and mistrust. If the Australian government does not respond in a way that is consistent with a multicultural society that treats people from different ethnic groups equally, the current situation could become a source of social unrest.

Yes, the challenge for the Australian society and the Australian government is to ensure that the local multicultural community will not be affected by the politics of the place of origin or the conflicts with other countries. Whether the government can make appropriate choices is also the concern of the immigrant community.

Mr. Raymond Chow

Since the beginning of October, the intensifying military conflict between Israel and Hamas has split international opinion between those who support Israel’s counter-attacks against Hamas terrorists, and those who cannot bear to see the innocent casualties caused by Israel’s counter-attacks in the Gaza Corridor.

Israeli Defense Minister Galant declared on Monday that Hamas “has lost control of the Gaza Strip” and that militants are “fleeing to the south”. At the same time, the Qassam Brigades, a Hamas militant group, said Hamas was prepared to release 70 women and children hostages it was holding in exchange for a five-day full ceasefire in Gaza. All of this has caused indelible trauma to the Australian diaspora.

“Spreading ‘anti-Semitism’ and ‘Islamophobia’

Over the past few years, anti-Semitism has been on the rise around the world. In particular, there has been a noticeable rise in anti-Semitism during outbreaks of hostilities between Israel and neighboring countries or terrorist organizations.The past month has seen an upsurge in racist incidents against Australia’s Jewish and Muslim communities as the Israeli-Hamas conflict continues to escalate. After the Hamas attack early last month, when the Sydney Opera House was illuminated in the colors of the Israeli flag, video footage of a small group of people lighting flares and chanting “Death to the Jews” outside the Opera House was shocking.

According to the 2021 census, Victoria has the largest Jewish population in Australia. Violent clashes between pro-Palestinian and pro-Israeli groups broke out on the streets of Melbourne on Friday night. Pro-Palestinian protesters met in Princes Park, while pro-Israeli protesters gathered on the other side of the road, with police positioned between the two groups of around 200 people each. Police had to use pepper spray as a result of the fighting between the two groups in the middle of Hawthorn Road.

The clash took place outside a synagogue and a Burgertory burger restaurant, which was damaged by fire that morning. The burger chain’s founder, Hirmin Tayer, said he had received threats and believed the fire was a hate crime after he was photographed at a pro-Palestinian rally chanting “From the river to the sea, Palestine will be free”. Although police say they believe the fire was not religiously or politically motivated, they are still treating the fire as suspicious.

Victorian Premier Jacinta Allan immediately condemned the violence, saying that all forms of anti-Semitism and attacks on the Muslim community are unacceptable. Police in Victoria have increased their presence in the area where the clashes took place. Opposition leader John Pessuto has also spoken out, saying all Victorians should be able to pray freely and safely without fear of intimidation. Prime Minister Albanese said all Australians have a responsibility to maintain peace, harmony and respect, and that hatred and prejudice in any form will not be tolerated in Australia. The Chief Executive of the Victorian Minority Community Council, Mohammed El Rafihee, has encouraged Jewish and Palestinian Australians not to hide their identities and has supported the idea that only through cooperation between communities in these difficult times can the cohesion of the Victorian community be maintained without letting international events affect the state’s social cohesion. But the reality of the conflict was a slap in the face.

Social cohesion put to the test

For many years, both Labor and Coalition governments have been supporters of Israel. The former Prime Minister, Mr. Morrison, even recognized West Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and considered relocating the embassy, but the current government has openly cancelled this policy. However, after the Hamas attack on Israel on October 7, Australia immediately condemned the attack, but refused to criticize Israel’s retaliatory attack and affirmed Israel’s right to defend itself. When the General Assembly of the United Nations called on Israel to stop attacking the Palestinians, Australia abstained from voting, which was questioned by many Australians.

Until the Israeli attacks killed tens of thousands of Palestinian civilians and children, earlier this month, Australia’s Foreign Minister, Penny Wong, wrote an op-ed saying that Israel needs to heed the calls from its allies urging it to exercise restraint, or the conflict risks spreading beyond the Gaza Strip because the international community will not accept the continued deaths of civilians. In her article, Wong outlined the Albanese government’s position in the strongest terms yet, saying that “the status quo is a disappointment to everyone” and that the only option is to seek a “lasting peace” through a political process, with a two-state solution that allows Israel and Palestine to live side by side. And a lasting peace requires people to see the humanity in each other and demands that each side respect the right of others to exist. It is easy for politicians, academics, and international law experts to say that both Israel and Palestine have the right to exist within established and secure borders; this principle is at the heart of the two-state solution. But what does that principle mean for the countless civilians who are in the killing fields?

Former Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull  has said that while many leaders have made solidarity visits to Israel, Albanese should not have done so. Despite the fact that former Australian Prime Minister Morrison and former British Prime Minister Johnson visited Israel together, Mr. Turnbull said it would be better for Albanese to focus on domestic issues, which is the duty of the Australian Prime Minister to promote the interests of the Australian people. After all, at this stage, the ruling Australian Labor Party is being attacked by the opposition, its approval ratings continue to fall, and the pressure within the Labor Party is mounting, with many calling for it to do more to condemn Israel’s retaliatory actions.

Australia is a multicultural and multireligious country, and people may have different and deeper views on issues related to the Middle East conflict, but political discourse must be handled with respect. The recent escalation of the Israeli-Hamas conflict has been traumatic for the Australian diaspora: people with relatives in Israel want to know if the hostages will be released, and they want to know how many people will die. The Jewish community has legitimate concerns about its safety in Australia, given the heightened tensions in the community and the resurgence of virulent anti-Semitism. The Palestinian community in Australia, at the heart of the Labor election, is also in a state of despair, given the desperate humanitarian situation in Gaza and the soaring number of deaths and injuries every day.

People come to Australia because they want to live in a country that is peaceful, tolerant and respectful, and peace, tolerance and mutual respect are not just empty promises, they need to be carefully maintained by all members of the community. Authoritative studies have shown that Australia’s social cohesion has been declining since the darkest days of the Covid-19 pandemic. The just-released 2023 Scanlon Foundation’s Social Cohesion Report, a research project mapping the mood of the multicultural nation since 2007, shows that economic pressures and geo-political uncertainty have put Australia’s social cohesion at a ‘critical turning point’, with the number of Australians expressing a strong sense of national belonging and pride at a 17-year low. This is worrying.

Solving problems based on reality is the real deal

Many things involve the issue of scale, especially historical, cultural and social issues, for which there are almost no standard answers. In the case of the Palestine issue, we can start with the departure of the Jews from the land of Palestine during the Roman era, or we can analyze it from the Ottoman Turkish Empire and British colonialism. As for Zionism, it can be discussed from the long history of discrimination and unequal treatment of Jews in Europe, and also from the anti-Semitism of the German Nazis. As for the question of the sovereignty of the land of Palestine today, should we think of it in terms of British colonialism or the UN General Assembly Resolution 181 of 1947? From different historical starting points, there are naturally different conclusions about who should own this land.

To be more realistic, what is the role of the Israeli-Palestinian issue under the Cold War framework? Simple answers are never enough to satisfy the needs of different positions and scales of thinking, but the collision of different positions, different thinking and different values is a living reality. Australians come from more than 100 countries around the world, and they will have different perspectives on history. The question of where the government stands when making decisions about how to act in the present day is a major concern.

As a country of immigrants, Australia has naturally developed a multicultural community. It is not the first time that political parties have struggled to deal with multiculturalism, as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict 20 years ago caused a stir within the Australian Labor Party. That year, pressure was brought to bear on two pro-Palestinian backbenchers to moderate their outbursts in parliamentary debates on the Middle East, given the risk of losing votes and donations from Jewish voters. Politicians may say nice things in front of the media about occupying the moral high ground, but in reality their behavior is closely related to their core interest – the vote.

The nation-state is the foundation of modern international relations, and the formation of core national values is an important symbol of national maturity and an important guarantee of national stability. However, Australia has always suffered from the influence of racism in the construction of nationalism. Not only did it implement the “White Australia Policy” to exclude people of color in its history, but after the implementation of the multicultural policy, although racism was officially ended, there were still many outbreaks of racial discrimination, which demonstrates that racism has not died out, but exists in a new and more insidious form. Australia’s multiculturalism policy pursues equal coexistence, but neglects interracial integration and fails to heal the cultural rift between mainstream groups and ethnic minorities, so it is not surprising that the country’s sense of identity and belonging is at a low point, and its continued construction is in trouble.

Albanese paints a rosy picture for Australians: we need to ensure that Australia remains a microcosm of our ideal world, that people of all faiths and backgrounds can live together in a multicultural society. There is no place for hatred, no place for anti-Semitism, no place for Islamophobia. However, what should the government do when disputes between people of different faiths and backgrounds arise due to different demands, escalating into conflicts and breeding hatred? Given the complexity of human nature and the fact that the government can foresee such a possibility, what kind of policy should be adopted to prevent conflicts beforehand, so that conflicts can be avoided as far as possible, and at the same time, there should be measures to cope with conflicts once they occur. This can definitely not be achieved by just saying a few nice words, but rather, it is necessary for the government to genuinely enter into the multicultural communities in its daily life, to put aside its arrogance, to understand them, and to listen to them, so that it can come up with a sustainable policy. It is necessary for the government to truly enter the multicultural community in every aspect of its daily life, put aside its arrogance, understand them and listen to them before it can come up with sustainable policies. It seems that the Australian government has a long road ahead of it.

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For allegedly laundering nearly 230 million Australian dollars in the past three years, the Australian Federal Police (AFP) recently raided Changjiang Currency Exchange (CJCE) and arrested the main person in charge.

When the news broke, the entire Australian Chinese community was shocked. The incident is still unfolding.

Chinese currency exchange, a one-night explosion

After 14 months of investigation, the Federal Police launched a nationwide operation on October 25th, deploying more than 240 police officers and 92 specialists to conduct searches of CKI offices and related personnel’s homes in Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth. The operation resulted in the arrest of seven people in Melbourne and the seizure of luxury cars and property valued at more than $50 million. According to a statement issued by the Federal Police, the seven suspects are aged between 33 and 40, four of whom are Chinese nationals and three of whom are Australian citizens.

Established in 2012, CJCE has 12 money exchange outlets across Australia and is one of the largest independent remittance organizations in the country.During the Covid pandemic, many international tourists and students in Australia had already returned to their home countries, but CJCE opened new business outlets without any obvious reason for business expansion, which aroused the suspicion of the police. Over the past three years, CJCE has transferred more than A$10 billion, most of it in legitimate transactions, but at the same time, federal police have accused the crime syndicate Long River of secretly operating CJCE and using it to launder nearly A$229 million in criminal proceeds between 2020 and 2023.

The investigation, called Operation Avarus-Nightwolf, is one of the most complex investigations in Australia’s history. Since August 2022, the Australian police, in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Investigations (DHSI) and six other law enforcement agencies, have been conducting an anti-money laundering investigation, which has lasted 14 months and has finally closed the net. CJCE appeared to be a legitimate business, but in fact was suspected of colluding with criminal organizations to conceal and divert the latter’s illicit proceeds, including income from cyber fraud and illegal trafficking. What makes this investigation so complex is that the criminal enterprise “operated in plain sight,” with glitzy storefronts all over the country, rather than in the shadows like other money laundering organizations.

Members of the gang live in luxury, spending their money “in plain sight” in Australia’s most exclusive venues. They lived in luxury homes, drove luxury cars and traveled by private jet, with one home valued at more than $10 million. In addition, members of the gang also purchased fake passports costing AUD 200,000 each, so that they could abscond from the country when they were caught in the act. However, the net of justice is not wide enough to catch up with them. At present, due to the company suspected of money laundering, due to the money exchange company Changjiang Currency Exchange (CJCE) suspected of money laundering, the company’s turnover in three years more than 10 billion Australian dollars company’s business license has been revoked.

Wide-ranging Implications

In January 2022, the CJCE Group posted a video on its YouTube channel stating that Gary Hardgrave, a “former Deputy Minister for Immigration” in Australia, had “officially joined Changjiang Currency Exchange (CJCE)” as the company’s “Head of Immigration Funding Security”. In the video, Mr. Hardgrave describes the company as a “great Australian company with a growing business”. Mr. Hardgreaves was Minister for Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs (2001-2004) and Minister for Careers and Skills (2004-2007) under Howard. Mr. Hardgreaves also listed in The Link’s archives that he had been a director of CJCE from January 2022 to the present, and had posted a congratulatory message to CJCE on the opening of its new store in Sydney.

Mr. Hardgreaves was shocked by the allegations against CJCE, which have shaken Australia, and has terminated all dealings with the company. Asked by the Australian Financial Review (AFR) about his role at CJCE, Mr. Hardgreaves said he was only hired to help promote the company’s business and was not involved in its day-to-day operations. There is no evidence of any wrongdoing by Mr. Hardgreaves.

However, when retired Australian officials stake their reputations on Chinese companies, many of them know that their reputations give them a good image. Often they are invited to become executives of the group, but they are not involved in the administration or management of the business, and they have no knowledge of the specifics of the business. They deny any direct involvement when problems arise in these businesses. It is worth considering whether they are really “innocent” of being implicated when they “sold” their own brands for profit and helped these enterprises to be accepted by society.

The amount of money involved in this case is huge, the impact is extensive, and many people and companies are involved – the four major banks in Australia, Bendigo Bank and Changjiang Currency Exchange have business dealings with each other, and none of them has been spared. A number of bank staff were unwittingly implicated in facilitating the alleged criminal enterprise. Federal police are investigating whether staff at Australia’s major banks were involved in the money laundering. National Australia Bank was quick to respond, stating that it has “zero tolerance for all criminal behavior, especially when it involves its customers as well as its staff,” noting that the bank has been cooperating with the federal police in their investigation of the case since December 2022 and has provided relevant information and surveillance video to the police.

It is worth noting that the 14-month Australia-wide Operation Avarus Nightwolf was supported by the Australian Anti-Money Laundering Action Center (AUSTRAC), the Australian Border Force (ABF), the Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission (ACIC), the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC), the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Investigations (HSI). Investigations (HSI). The financial intelligence expertise of AUSTRAC, in particular, was critical in supporting the Australian Federal Police in investigating and dismantling this alleged large-scale transnational money laundering operation.

Illegal Enticements Money Laundering Paradise

Changjiang Currency Exchange legally operates an exchange service, with up to tens of millions of dollars of service per day, mixed with illegally obtained funds that are not easily detected by the transfer of funds disguised as legitimate funds with false paperwork. For example, it is not uncommon for large sums of RMB funds in China to be exchanged to Australia under different accounts with forged documents for legitimate business transactions. As there are many people doing business in China and Australia, it is common to see requests on social media platforms to deposit RMB in China and receive AUD in Australia, which is an illegal business activity in China and makes it impossible for the government to track the inflow and outflow of funds in Australia. Many of these are linked to money laundering activities.

Some students are involved in these illegal transactions. There are cases where students set up companies under the guise of business activities, but in reality they are involved in money laundering activities, mixed with non-existent business transactions, resulting in the transfer of funds that are untraceable. Some participants may mistakenly believe that they are managing investment funds without realizing that they are involved in illegal activities.

Australia has long been a favorite destination not only for the wealthy, but also for cross-border money laundering. There is virtually no vetting, information verification or background checks on business organizations. As a local law enforcement officer joked, going to the post office to pick up a parcel requires more identity verification than registering a company. In addition, Australian law also lacks supervision and endorsement of the information of beneficial owners of companies, which makes some cross-border organizations take advantage of the legal grey area to move illegal funds. However, according to the laws of each state in Australia, money laundering is a very serious economic crime. If found guilty, the maximum penalty is 20 years’ imprisonment. One of the seven suspects arrested, a 37-year-old man living in the eastern Melbourne suburb of Balwyn, has been charged by police with two counts of “conspiracy to deal with the proceeds of crime”; if convicted, he could face up to life in prison.

Australia’s largest and most sophisticated money laundering ring is suspected of cybercrime, drug trafficking, cryptocurrency and violent crime. The latest defendant is linked to a fraud ring operating in the United States. Federal Police Investigations Commander Kate Ferry said the group of defendants behind the scam deceived victims into believing they were receiving a high return on their investment; that much of the money deposited into Australian bank accounts or wired from CJCE was linked to the development of an investment app called MetaTrader and other platforms for foreign exchange and cryptocurrency trading; and that one of the key features of the scam was that it was a “money laundering” scheme, which was based on the idea that the victims would be able to trade in foreign currencies and cryptocurrencies. A key feature of the scam was

the syndicate’s ability to produce proprietary software compatible with legitimate trading platforms to distort the true market value of currency exchange rates. Federal police allege that the syndicate used Chinese nationals living in Australia, mainly on student visas, to register fake Australian companies and trading licenses with ASIC. It used these Chinese nationals to open bank accounts in Australia, most of which were associated with fictitious businesses, and then used these fictitious businesses, substitute directors and bank accounts to launder the fraudulent funds through the Changjiang Currency Exchange.

Chinese money laundering in Australia is nothing new. Earlier this year, Australian police uncovered a money laundering ring involving more than tens of billions of dollars, and it was also linked to the “rice laundering case”. The police searched Burwood, located in Sydney’s Chinese community, and searched all sources of luxury cars and houses, arrested nine officers, and seized 150 million Australian dollars in assets. Two of them are said to be Chinese gangsters, and their personal wealth is estimated to total more than $1 billion. The gang has been laundering money from criminal activity for multinational crime syndicates from 2018 to 2022. Last year, Australia uncovered a Chinese transnational drug trafficking and money laundering case with a large amount of cash and drugs at the scene, and then there was the transfer of more than A$1.4 billion in assets over eight years from the Chinese-owned ACSF International Trading Company.

In particular, after the outbreak of the Covid pandemic, the number of Chinese people coming to Australia to study and travel has decreased dramatically, which makes the exchange agency’s income seriously damaged. And this also greatly become the CJCE exchange legal business to do so large scale but still want to take the risk of doing illegal business, after all, the formal pipeline profit is getting less and less, while the profit rate of illegal transfer is very tempting. Capital is afraid of no or too little profit, just as nature is afraid of a vacuum. Once there is a suitable profit, capital will be bold. If there is a 10% profit, it is guaranteed to be used everywhere; if there is a 20% profit, it becomes active; if there is a 50% profit, it takes risks; for a 100% profit, it dares to trample on all the laws of the world; and if there is a 300% profit, it dares to commit any crime, even at the risk of being hanged. The explosion of the Changjiang Currency Exchange demonstrates to the world the evil in human nature, the contempt for the rule of law in Australia, and the strong desire for money. But this is ultimately a road of no return.

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