US President Donald Trump will visit China from May 13 to 15, where he will meet Chinese President Xi Jinping. This will be his first visit to China since beginning his second term, and his first state visit since 2017, marking an eight-year gap since his last official trip.
Trade is expected to remain the central issue of the talks. The US is seeking increased Chinese purchases of American agricultural products, energy, and Boeing aircraft, while Beijing hopes Washington will reduce certain tariffs and export restrictions to ease economic pressure on China. Analysts say the most likely outcome is an extension of the current trade truce, avoiding a new escalation in tariffs.
Competition in technology and artificial intelligence (AI) will also be a key focus. The US has recently tightened export controls on advanced chips, semiconductor equipment, and AI technologies to China, while accusing some Chinese firms of using techniques to replicate American AI models. China, meanwhile, continues to push for “technological self-reliance”, increasing investment in chips and AI development.
Taiwan remains the most sensitive issue. Observers are watching whether Trump will adjust US language on Taiwan—for example, shifting from “does not support Taiwan independence” to a position closer to Beijing’s preferred phrasing of “opposing Taiwan independence”. However, analysts believe domestic political pressure in the US will limit any major policy shift.
In addition, the situation in the Strait of Hormuz and its impact on global energy and shipping security is expected to feature in discussions. Washington is urging China to use its influence over Iran to help stabilise the situation, while Beijing is calling for a ceasefire and a return to negotiations. Experts say there is limited scope for cooperation between China and the US on Middle East issues, but not enough for full-scale coordination.
Commentary:
Rather than achieving a breakthrough in increasingly tense US-China relations, Trump’s visit is more realistically aimed at preventing further escalation. The current relationship is no longer defined by isolated disputes, but has evolved into a long-term strategic rivalry spanning trade, technology, Taiwan, and the Middle East.
The most significant shift is the elevation of technological and AI competition to the level of national security. The US continues to tighten export restrictions on Chinese access to chips, AI, and semiconductor technologies, while China accelerates its drive for technological self-reliance. This ongoing escalation highlights how technology is no longer merely an economic issue, but a core arena determining national strategic advantage and global influence.